With 2,147 species of ferns and lycophytes, including 839 endemics, China represents a hotspot of fern diversity and a major challenge for biodiversity estimation. Our project focuses on Hymenophyllaceae, with 68 species recorded in China, accounting for 10% of family's diversity. By investigating this diversity across both mainland and island China, we aim to uncover the evolutionary patterns andprocesses shaping it. We integrate taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and diversification analyses to offer a better understanding of fern evolution in one of the most biodiverse regions.