The extraordinary biodiversity of the Neotropics provides an unparalleled opportunity to study diverse evolutionary phenomena. Early-diverging, species-rich, such as Vanilla, show promise as a system to test these processes. Despite its unique features, many aspects of Vanilla evolution, taxonomy, and ecology remain understudied. This project aims to propose a statistically-supported phylogeny of New World Vanilla to unveil its evolutionary relationships, biogeography history, diversification dynamics, and trait evolution. In addition to the study of its taxonomy and pollination biology.